| Stages of Civilization |
These stages are pointed out most clearly in the book The New Renaissance (Douglas Robertson, 1998). The ideas appear in many other places too.
| Stage | Data | Defined by | Studied by | Mathematics | Education |
| 0 | 107 | neocortex | Anthropology, Genetics | (none) | (none) |
| 1 | 109 | language | Anthropology, Linguistics | proof | mentor |
| 2 | 1011 | writing | Archaeology | axiomatic method | library |
| 3 | 1017 | printing | History | standardized symbols | textbooks, public school |
| 4 | 1025 | computers | Sociology? | experiment | self-taught specialists |
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